Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for patients with recurrent patellar dislocation: review of surgical techniques and tips to achieve successful reconstruction

Patellofemoral problems are among the most common causes of knee pain in young and adolescent patients (1). Incidence rates published in the American Journal of Sports Medicine for ages 10–18 were found to be approximately 29 per 100,000 people per year (2). Patellar instability is a non-specific term that includes several sub-diagnoses: each type of instability has a functional or anatomical cause that should be treated according to its specific aetiology (3).