Predictors of response and resistance to checkpoint inhibitors in solid tumors

Checkpoint inhibitors (blocking antibodies to PD-1, PDL1, CTLA-4) have proven effective against several tumor types. Unfortunately, only a minority of tumors within each subtype responds, and checkpoint inhibitors can cause significant toxicity. There is a flurry of activity around determining patient and tumor factors of response and resistance to this class of medication. To date, most of the data surrounds mutational burden and amount of PD-L1 staining in pre-treatment samples.