The era of personalized multimodal treatments for esophageal cancer

Esophageal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Surgical resection was considered to be the most important part of treatments, and the only way for complete disease control. Previous studies have focused on the surgical techniques and the approaches, e.g., transthoracic or transhiatal, as well as the extent of lymphadenectomy, e.g., two or three field lymph node dissection.