Adjuvant antiviral therapy for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver resection: indicated for all patients with chronic hepatitis B?

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide with an increasing incidence that affects all major demographic groups (1,2). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor and leading cause of HCC development, accounting for approximately 33% of HCC cases worldwide (and up to 2/3 of cases in under-developed countries) (3,4).