Vasoconstrictors in combination with proton pump inhibitors as an initial treatment of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in liver cirrhosis: is it evidence based?

Recently, an interesting Spanish multicenter cohort study by Ardevol et al. (1) found that the risk of further bleeding and 45-day mortality were statistically similar in cirrhotic patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) from varices and peptic ulcer.