Renal cell carcinoma response to checkpoint inhibitors may be predicted by senescence activity in tumor microenvironment

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents a tailor’s box composed of different forms of disease, each of them characterized by a complex relationship scenario established between the different actors involved (i.e., tumor cells, immune cells, and their respective expression products or tumoral microenvironment). This panorama favors a wide variety of biological behaviors (covering the spectrum between the slow-indolent to aggressive-invasive growth patterns) that are difficult to predict exclusively from a clinical standpoint (1).