Prognostic effect of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on first and non-first complete remission in acute myeloid leukemia

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is considered the cure for intermediate or adverse-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (1). It offers patients longer overall survival (OS) (2-4). Unfortunately, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched related donor is unavailable in more than 70% patients. Some of these patients, may experience relapse and subsequently achieve CR (non-CR1) with treatment. Some non-CR1 patients eventually receive allo-HSCT. It is unclear whether allo-HSCT will improve the survival of these patients.