Charged particles for liver cancer

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), representing approximately 90% of all liver cancers, has a dismal prognosis: only 10–20% of the tumors can be completely removed by surgery. Cancer progression is the main cause of death, while distal metastasis are seldom even in locally advanced, unresectable HCC. Therefore, locoregional therapies are essential. Several therapeutic options are available for HCC in addition to surgery, such as embolization or thermal ablation. For large tumors, unfortunately recurrence remains high (1).